A Study of the Neurophysiological Mechanisms of Dreaming
M. Jouvet and D. Jouvet Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. 1963 Suppl. 24
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction

Methods
Part 1

I. Two EEG patterns of physiological sleep in intact cats

II. The neural structures responsible for RPS

III. Structures responsible for somato-vegetative phenomena

IV. Mechanisms of the Rhombencephalic Phase of Sleep

V. Ontogenesis of the RPS
Part 2

A. Normal subjects

B. Patients with brain lesions

Discussion

Summary
Figures

PRINT
Printable version

Part 1 : Experimental results obtained on cats

The rhombencephalic phase of sleep Results

III. Structures responsible for somato-vegetative phenomena

The appearance of typical RPS in the cerebellectomized animal rules out any possibility of the cerebellum playing a part. Therefore, the somato-vegetative phe nomena associated with this phase may be explained by the active intervention of the bulbar inhibitory RF, which is known to exert a general control on muscular tone and acts on the alpha-type as well as on the gamma-type rigidities (decerebellation and decerebration rigidities: Magoun and Rhines 1946; Magoun 1950). Respiratory and cardiovascular centers are also known to exist at the level of the pons and their intervention might explain the characteristic variation in respiratory and cardiac rhythms.

Next page
References
  1. Aserinsky, E. And Kleitman, N.
    Two types of ocular motility occurring in sleep
    J. Appl. Physiol., 1955, 8: 1-10.
  2. Bard, P. And Macht, M. B.
    The behavior of chronically decerebrate cats
    In G. E. W. Wolsten Holme and M. O'Connor (Editors), Neurological basis of behavior. Churchill, London, 1958, p.55-71.
  3. Batini, C., Moruzzi, G., Palestini, M., Rossi, G. F. And Zanchetti, A.
    Effects of complete pontine transections on the sleep-wakefulness rhythm: the midpontine pretrigeminal preparation
    Arch. Ital. Biol., 1959a, 97: 1-12.
  4. Batini, C., Moruzzi, G., Palestini, M., Rossi, G. F. And Zanchetti, A.
    Neuronal mechanisms underlying the enduring EEG and behavioral activation in the midpontine pretrigeminal cat
    Arch. Ital. Biol., 1959b, 97: 13-25.
  5. Batini, C., Palestini, M., Rossi, G. F. And Zanchetti, A.
    EEG activation patterns in the midpontine pretrigeminal cat following sensory deafferentation
    Arch. Ital. Biol., 1959c, 97: 26-32.
  6. Berger, R. J.
    Tonus of extrinsic laryngeal muscles during sleep and dreaming
    Science, 1961, 134: 840.
  7. Bliss, E. L., Clark, L. D. And West, C. D.
    Studies of sleep deprivation: Relationship to schizophrenia
    Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. (Chic.), 1959, 81: 348-359.
  8. Brauchi, J. T. And West, L. J.
    Sleep deprivation
    J. Amer. med. Ass., 1959, 171: 11-14.
  9. Bremer, F.
    Cerveau isole et physiologie du sommeil
    C.R. Soc. Biol. (Paris), 1935, 118: 1235-1241.
  10. Dement, W.
    Dream recall and eye movements during sleep in schizophrenics and normals
    J. nerv. ment. Dis., 1955, 122: 263-269.
  11. Dement, W.
    The occurrence of low voltage, fast electroencephalogram patterns during behavioral sleep in the cat
    Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 1958,10: 291-296.
  12. Dement, W.
    The effect of dream deprivation
    Science, 1960, 131: 1705-1707.
  13. Dement, W. And Kleitman, N.
    Cyclic variations of EEG during sleep and their relation to eye movements, body motility and dreaming
    Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 1957a, 3: 673-690.
  14. Dement, W. And Kleitman, N.
    The relation of eye movements during sleep to dream activity: an objective method for the study of dreaming
    J. exp. Psychol., 1957b, 53: 339-346.
  15. Evarts, E. V.
    Effects of sleep and waking on activity of single units in the unrestrained cat
    In G. E. W. Wolstenholme and M. O'Connor (Editors), The nature of sleep. Churchill, London, 1961, p. 171-187.
  16. Green, J. D. And Arduini, A.
    Hippocampal electric activity in arousal
    J. Neurophysiol. 1954, 17: 533-577.
  17. Hara, T., Favale, E., Rossi, G. F. E Sacco, G.
    Ricerche sull' attivita elettrica cerebrale durante il sonno nel gatto
    Riv. Neurol., 1960, 30: 448-460.
  18. Hubel, D. H.
    Electrocorticograms in cats during natural sleep
    Arch. Ital. Biol., 1960, 98: 171-181.
  19. Huttenlocher, R. P.
    Evoked and spontaneous activity in single units of medial brain stem during natural sleep and waking
    J. Neurophysiol., 1961, 24: 451-468.
  20. Jouvet, M.
    Telencephalic and rhombencephalic sleep in the cat
    In G. E. W. Wolstenholme and M. O'Connor (Editors), The nature of sleep. Churchill, London, 1961, p. 188-208.
  21. Jouvet, M.
    Recherches sur les structures nerveuses et les mecanismes responsables des differentes phases du sommeil physiologique. Arch. Ital. Biol., 1962,100: 125-206.
    FULL-TEXT
  22. Jouvet, M., Dechaume, J. Et Michel, F.
    Etude des mecanismes du sommeil physiologique
    Lyon med., 1960, 204: 479-521.
  23. Jouvet, M. Et Michel, F.
    Recherches sur l'activite electrique cerebrale au cours du sommeil
    C.R. Soc. Biol (Paris) , 1958,152 : 1167-1170.
  24. Jouvet, M., Michel, F. Et Courjon, J.
    L'activite electrique du rhinencephale au cours du sommeil chez le chat
    C.R. Soc. Biol. (Paris), 1959a, 153: 101-105.
  25. Jouvet, M., Michel, F. Et Courjon, J.
    Sur un stade d'activite electrique cerebrale rapide au cours du sommeil physiologique
    C.R. Soc. Biol (Paris), 1959b, 153: 1024-1028.
  26. Jouvet, M., Pellin, B. Et Mounier, D.
    Etude polygTaphique des differentes phases du sommeil au cours des troubles de conscience chroniques
    Rev. neurol, 1961a, 105: 181-186.
  27. Jouvet, D., Valatx, J. L. Et Jouvet, M.
    Etude polygraphique du sommeil du chaton
    C.R. Soc. Biol (Paris), 1961b, 155: 1313-1316.
  28. Katz, S. E. And Laudis, C. Psychological and physiological phenomena during a prolonged vigil
    Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. (Chic.), 1935, 34: 307-316.
  29. Kouretas, D. Et Scouras, P.
    Sur un trouble particulier du sommeil: le cauchemar
    Encephale, 1932, 7: 622-627.
  30. Magoun, H. W.
    Caudal and cephalic influences of the brain stem reticular formation
    Physiol. Rev. 1950, 30: 459-474.
  31. Magoun, H. W. And Rhines, R.
    An inhibitory mechanism in the bulbar reticular formation
    J. Neurophysiol., 1946, 9: 165-171.
  32. Morris, G. O., Williams, H. L. And Lubin, A.
    Misperception and disorientation during sleep deprivation
    Arch. gen. Psychiat., 1960, 2: 247-254.
  33. Moruzzi, G. And Magoun, H. W. Brain stem reticular formation and activation of the EEG
    Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol, 1949, 1: 455-473.
  34. Nauta, W. J. H.
    Hippocampal projections and related neural pathways to the midbrain in the cat
    Brain, 1958, 81: 319-340.
  35. Nauta, W. J. H. And Kuypers, H. G. J. M.
    Some ascending pathways in the brain stem reticular formation
    In H. Jasper et al. (Editors), Reticular formation of the brain. Little, Brown and Co., Boston, 1957, p. 3-30.
  36. Pellin, B.
    Sommeils et comas: etude polygraphique des differentes phases du sommeil dans les troubles de conscience chroniques.
    These de Medecine. Lyon, 1960, 105 p.
  37. Rheinberger, M. And Jasper, H.
    Electrical activity of the cerebral cortex in the unanaesthetized cat
    Amer. J. Physiol., 1937, 119: 186-196.
  38. Rossi, G. F., Favale, E., Hara, T., Giussani, A. And Sacco, G.
    Researches on the nervous mechanisms underlying deep sleep in the cat
    Arch. Ital. Biol., 1961, 99: 270 292.
  39. Strich, S. H.
    Altered states of consciousness due to white matter degeneration
    Acta medica belg., 1957, 112-114.
  40. Trillet, M.
    L'encephalopathie post-traumatique: comas prolonges et "morts du cerveau"
    J. Med. Lyon, 1961, 987: 631-655